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The Second Battle of Mohács, also known as the Battle of Harsány Mountain,〔Dupuy, Ernest R. and Trevor N. Dupuy, ''The Harper Encyclopedia of Military History'', 4th Ed., (HarperCollins Publishers, 1993), p,638 ISBN 978-0-06-270056-8.〕〔Laffin, John, ''Brassey's Dictionary of Battles'', (Barnes & Noble Inc., 1998), p. 193. ISBN 978-0-7607-0767-8)〕 was fought between the forces of Ottoman Sultan Mehmed IV, commanded by the Grand-Vizier Sari Süleyman Paşa, and the forces of Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I, commanded by Charles of Lorraine. The result was a crushing defeat for the Ottomans. ==Background== The Great Turkish War began in July 1683 with an attack on Vienna by the Ottoman army. The siege was broken by the Battle of Vienna on 12 September 1683, won by the combined forces of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nations and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, under the overall command of the King of Poland, John III Sobieski, who led the Polish forces. From September 1683 the initiative passed to the imperial troops. In the following years, the Imperial Habsburg armies under Charles of Lorraine drove the Osmans back, conquering from them many fortresses (such as Esztergom, Vác, Pest). After the Battle of Buda they laid siege to and took over the former Hungarian capital of Buda. At the end of 1686, the Ottomans made peace overtures; however, the Imperial Habsburgs now saw a chance to conquer the whole of Hungary and the peace overtures were rejected.〔Paul Wentzcke, ''Feldherr des Kaisers - Leben und Taten Herzog Karl V. von Lothringen (Captain of the Emperor: Life and deeds of Charles V Duke of Lorraine)'', Leipzig 1943, p. 278 〕 In April 1687, it was decided in Vienna that further military action should be taken. The main army (of about 40,000 troops) under the command of Duke Charles of Lorraine proceeded along the River Danube to Osijek on the River Drava, while another army, of about 20,000 men, under the command of Elector Max Emanuel of Bavaria moved along the River Tisza to Szolnok and towards Petrovaradin. In the middle of July, the two imperial armies met on the Danube and either marched overland or along the Drava to Osijek. In contrast, the Ottoman army (of about 60,000 men) under the command of the Grand Vizier Sari Süleyman Paşa, stayed in front of the main River Drava crossing (with its 8 km long wooden bridge) at Osijek in order to protect it, and then fortified this position. When the Imperial Habsburg army arrived, the River Drava divided the two sides. At the end of July, the Imperial Habsburg army was able to make a bridgehead on the shores of the river and stood in battle array, in order to challenge the Ottomans. However, the Ottoman army remained passive and was satisfied with artillery bombardments of the weirs on the Drava, the bridges and the riverside.〔:de:Schlacht bei Mohács (1687) Article in German Wikipedia.〕 As the Duke of Lorraine considered he was not able to attack the fortified Ottoman camp, he decided to leave the bridgehead after a few days. For this he was criticized both by his own sub-commanders and by the Emperor Leopold I. The move was interpreted by the Ottoman Grand Vizier as a sign of a loss of morale by the Habsburg troops, so he decided to follow them. In early August, through skilful maneuvering, the Osman army drove the Habsburg army back toward Mohács and towards an Ottoman fortified position. The Ottomans had also built a fortified position at Darda, but this was skilfully hidden among the thick bushes so that it was not visible to the Habsburg army. For this reason Duke Charles of Lorraine did not suspect the presence of the Ottoman army in the vicinity. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Battle of Mohács (1687)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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